The Russians led by Tsar Nicholas II fought against the Germans in the First World War. The war killed many Russian soldiers who had been inadequately supplied and nourished, and caused widespread hunger throughout all of Russia. As hunger and famine spread throughout the country, many Russians began to speak out against Tsar Nicholas II and his ability to lead the country. Revolution hit Russia led by Alexander Kerensky, leader of the Mensheviks. Kerensky was able to create a short-lived government that was quickly overthrown by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), leader of the Bolsheviks.
Lenin's real name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, but he had chosen the false name of Lenin to operate safely prior to the Russian Revolution in Tsarist controlled Russia. Lenin and Leon Trotsky leader of Lenin's Red Army negotiated a treaty with the Germans known as the Brest-Litovsk treaty. It pulled Russia out of WWI, made peace with Germany, and allowed the Germans to focus on their Western Front in France, to the dismay of the Allies: England, France, and the United States. Once the Romanovs, Tsar Nicholas II and his family were out of power, they were taken to Ekaterinburg where they were assassinated by Lenin's forces. Lenin was very weary of the American Relief Administration (ARA) that brought food to Russia's millions of starving people, because he believed that they were using food as a subversive tool to remove him from power.
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Herbert Hoover, an American, who brought food and medical care to Europe and Russia, ran the ARA. Vladimir Lenin chose Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky, as the head of the “Cheka (the first Soviet secret police and intelligence service) on December 10, 1917.” There is another date given by another source that says that the Cheka was established on December 20, 1917.
Dzerzhinsky was born to a well to do polish family on September 11, 1877, near Minsk, Russia. Lenin needed Dzerzhinsky to run the secret police to prevent dissention from other organizations against the new Communist Party. Russia was still in turmoil, and Lenin could not take any chances from any threats against his power. 
Known as the “Knight of the Revolution,” Dzerzhinsky was the perfect man for the job because of his ruthlessness and ability to get matters taken care of, without any remorse for his actions. The Cheka went through several name and organizational changes in Russia. Depending on the situation in Soviet Russia, the Soviet Secret Police created different departments within the Cheka to ensure that Communism retained its power. Lenin was constantly worried that members of the White Guards were plotting to destroy the Communist State that he had created, and he was willing to do anything to protect his position of power.